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- BUSINESS, Page 39"Get Up and Walk!"
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- Argentina's new leader imposes a drastic recovery plan
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- The situation demanded strong words, and President Carlos
- Saul Menem did not shrink from using them. In his July 8
- inaugural address, Menem urged his citizens to "Get up and
- walk!" Argentina, he declared, "is broken, devastated, razed.
- Inflation has reached chilling levels, but we aren't going to
- administer the decline. We will pulverize the crisis."
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- Just 36 hours after Menem's address, his administration
- announced the first steps of "unusually severe, exceptional and
- emergency" measures designed to break the nation's
- hyperinflation (114% for June alone) and to restore confidence
- in its virtually insolvent government. Among them: a 90-day
- wage-and-price freeze, a 116% devaluation of the austral to 650
- vs. the U.S. dollar and an aggressive privatization of most
- state-run companies. Because the end of many government
- subsidies will bring unavoidable price increases for some goods
- and services, all workers will be given a bonus of 8,000
- australes ($12.30 at the new rate).
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- By early last week, Menem's economic medicine was already
- showing some positive effects. On Monday the black-market rate
- for dollars dipped below the official exchange rate for the
- first time since the austral plan was implemented by former
- President Raul Alfonsin in 1985, demonstrating credibility in
- the currency's new valuation. Investors and bankers were
- favorably impressed by the seriousness of the Peronist leader's
- austerity plan, which prompted the Buenos Aires stock exchange
- to rise 6.5% in a single day and sent monthly interest rates
- down 44 points, to 10%.
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- But the government's new pricing policy got off to a
- chaotic start. While the plan calls for prices to be rolled back
- to July 3 levels, prices in many stores kept on rising. The
- announced end of government subsidies for gasoline pushed prices
- up 670%, to the equivalent of $1.60 per gal. In anticipation of
- a 350% rise in subway and train fares, commuters flocked to
- stations to stock up on tokens.
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- Most foreign bankers have greeted Menem's plan with hedged
- optimism. But since Argentina has failed to keep up its
- payments to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank,
- neither agency is eager to issue fresh credits without some
- proof of economic progress. "What's announced on paper can be
- very different from the results," said a U.S. credit analyst.
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- To stem the government's deficit spending, which reached
- $9.7 billion last year, Menem plans to increase revenues by
- simplifying the tax-collection system and increasing levies on
- exported goods. But most economists believe that Menem's most
- important task will be to privatize Argentina's inefficient
- state-owned monopolies, which are losing $4 billion annually.
- Menem may get the power to do so if the Argentine Congress
- approves a new emergency law that would give him almost
- unlimited control over the nationalized companies. But Menem has
- so far offered no details about his privatization drive. Those
- particulars are not likely to come soon. On Friday, only six
- days after joining Menem's Cabinet, Economic Minister Miguel
- Roig died of a heart attack. His replacement, businessman Nestor
- Rapanelli, will be the fourth Economic Minister since March 31,
- when Juan Sourrouille resigned because of his inability to
- stabilize the economy.
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